Vietnam is a nation with a rich cultural tapestry. Vietnamese customs and traditions are deeply rooted in history and reflect the evolution of its society from ancient times through to the modern day.
Whether you're planning to teach in Vietnam or wish to understand more about this fascinating country, this article will take you on a journey through Vietnamese customs. Enlightening you on every aspect of the nation's captivating culture.
1. Historical Influence on Vietnamese Customs
The cultural roots of Vietnam can be traced back to ancient times when Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism played significant roles in shaping the nation's traditions and customs. The Vietnamese are known for their strong adherence to Confucian teachings, emphasising the importance of family, duty, loyalty, respect for elders, and sincerity.
Various historical periods have influenced Vietnamese customs. Including the Chinese domination of Vietnam that lasted over a thousand years. The French colonial period in the mid-19th century and the communist period following the departure of the French.
Each period has left an indelible mark on Vietnamese culture, contributing to the rich tapestry of customs and traditions that the country boasts today.
2. The Importance of Family in Vietnamese Culture
In Vietnamese culture, family is paramount. Households commonly consist of three or more generations living under the same roof. The head of the family, typically the man, is responsible for providing for the family and making important decisions.
Women, on the other hand, mainly focus on maintaining the home and nurturing the children. However, in recent times, many Vietnamese women also contribute to the family income by working, running family-owned businesses, or holding jobs.
The concept of filial piety, a fundamental teaching of Confucianism, is deeply ingrained in Vietnamese culture. Children are expected to care for their parents in their old age, and respect for elders is held in high esteem.
This reverence for older people is reflected in many Vietnamese customs, such as serving the most senior person first during meals or addressing elders respectfully.
3. Ancestor Worship: A Pillar of Vietnamese Customs
Ancestor worship is a significant aspect of Vietnamese customs. The Vietnamese believe that when a person dies, their spirit lives on. As such, families honour their ancestors through various ceremonies and rituals.
The Hungry Ghost Festival, for example, is a solemn occasion when families pray to their ancestors, offer them traditional foods and wine, and burn paper offerings for their spirits to use in the afterlife.
Vietnamese families usually maintain an ancestor altar in their homes or businesses as a testament to their adoration of their forebears.
Commemorations for the deceased are held annually on the anniversary of their passing, during which families pay their respects and make offerings at the altar.
4. Religious Freedom and Diversity in Vietnam
While Confucianism and Buddhism deeply influence Vietnamese customs and traditions, the country is known for its religious diversity and freedom.
Vietnamese people are free to practice any religion or none at all. The predominant religions in Vietnam include Buddhism, Catholicism, and indigenous beliefs. There is also a significant atheist population.
In addition to these mainstream religions, several indigenous and folk beliefs are practised in Vietnam.
These religions often blend animism, ancestor veneration, and nature worship, resulting in a rich and colourful tapestry of religious beliefs and practices.
5. Vietnamese Customs: The Concept of Face
The concept of "face" is crucial in Vietnamese culture. It is a complex idea that reflects a person's reputation, dignity, prestige, and integrity. Losing face can happen through showing anger or disrespect while giving face can be achieved by offering sincere compliments or acknowledging another person's capabilities.
This concept of face permeates every aspect of Vietnamese life, from social interactions to business dealings. Understanding this concept is essential for anyone wishing to navigate Vietnamese customs successfully, whether for personal or professional reasons.
6. Collectivism and Hierarchy: Key Aspects of Vietnamese Culture
Collectivism, another Confucian principle, is a dominant feature of Vietnamese culture. The Vietnamese see themselves as part of a larger group, which includes family, community, and the nation.
This mindset is reflected in their social interactions, where the welfare of the collective is often prioritised over individual needs or desires.
Based on age and status, hierarchy is another central facet of Vietnamese culture. The Vietnamese respect elders and those of higher status, and this respect is expressed in various social and business situations.
The oldest person in a group is usually served first at meals, and the most senior person in a business meeting is often the first to speak.
7. Social and Business Etiquette in Vietnam
Understanding Vietnamese social and business etiquette is vital for anyone seeking to build meaningful relationships in Vietnam. Some key points to remember include:
Avoid public displays of affection, especially with members of the opposite sex.
Don't point with your finger; use your hand instead.
When handing something to an older person, use both hands.
Please respect business cards by receiving them with both hands and taking a moment to read them.
Avoid confrontation and open disagreement, which could lead to a loss of face.
Small talk and relationship-building are essential in business dealings.
When invited to someone's home, bring a gift such as fruit, sweets, or flowers, but avoid giving four of anything, as the number four is considered unlucky in Vietnamese culture.
During meals, observe the rules of etiquette, such as serving the oldest person first and using chopsticks correctly.
8. Temple Etiquette: Respecting Vietnamese Religious Customs
When visiting temples in Vietnam, it's essential to show respect for religious customs. Some points to bear in mind include:
Remove your shoes and hat before entering a temple.
Dress modestly, covering your shoulders and legs.
Do not turn your back to a Buddha statue or image.
Ask before taking photographs.
9. The Evolution of Vietnamese Customs
While Vietnamese customs are deeply rooted in history, they have also evolved with the changing times. In the past, Vietnamese weddings were arranged mainly by parents, and people were married at a very young age. In recent years, Vietnamese youth have gained more freedom in choosing when and who to marry.
The concept of face, while still necessary, has also seen some changes in interpretation and practice. Influenced by Western culture and modern lifestyles, the younger generation may not adhere as strictly to traditional notions of face as their elders.
The underlying principles of respect, harmony, and maintaining social order remain strong.
10. Vietnamese Customs: A Blend of Tradition and Modernity
Vietnamese customs provide a fascinating glimpse into a culture that seamlessly blends tradition and modernity. From the deeply ingrained Confucian values to the evolving social norms, these customs reflect the unique character and spirit of the Vietnamese people.
Whether you're planning to teach in Vietnam or simply interested in learning more about this vibrant culture, understanding Vietnamese customs will undoubtedly enrich your experience and deepen your appreciation for this remarkable country.
In short, the customs of Vietnam are built on a rich history and shaped by diverse influences, forming a vibrant tapestry that continues to evolve.
As you embark on your journey to teach in Vietnam, these customs will provide a fascinating backdrop to your experiences. Giving you a wealth of insights into the country's unique cultural landscape.
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